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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd">

<chapter id='Resource_Management'>
<title>Resource Management</title>
<para>
A resource is a field in the widget record with a corresponding
resource entry in the <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis> list of the widget or any of its
superclasses.
This means that the field is
settable by
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
(by naming the field in the argument list), by an
entry in a resource file (by using either the name or class), and by
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
In addition, it is readable by
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
Not all fields in a widget record are resources.
Some are for bookkeeping use by the
generic routines (like <emphasis remap='I'>managed</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>being_destroyed</emphasis>).
Others can be for local bookkeeping,
and still others are derived from resources
(many graphics contexts and pixmaps).
</para>

<para>
Widgets typically need to obtain a large set of resources at widget
creation time.
Some of the resources come from the argument list supplied in the call to
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
some from the resource database,
and some from the internal defaults specified by the widget.
Resources are obtained first from the argument list,
then from the resource database for all resources not specified
in the argument list,
and last, from the internal default, if needed.
</para>
<sect1 id="Resource_Lists">
<title>Resource Lists</title>
<para>
A resource entry specifies a field in the widget,
the textual name and class of the field that argument lists
and external resource files use to refer to the field,
and a default value that the field should get if no value is specified.
The declaration for the
<function>XtResource</function>
structure is
</para>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
        String          resource_name;
        String          resource_class;
        String          resource_type;
        Cardinal        resource_size;
        Cardinal        resource_offset;
        String          default_type;
        XtPointer       default_addr;
} XtResource, *XtResourceList;
</programlisting>
<para>
When the resource list is specified as the
<function>CoreClassPart</function>,
<function>ObjectClassPart</function>,
<function>RectObjClassPart</function>,
or
<function>ConstraintClassPart</function>
<emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis> field, the strings pointed to by <emphasis remap='I'>resource_name</emphasis>,
<emphasis remap='I'>resource_class</emphasis>, <emphasis remap='I'>resource_type</emphasis>, and <emphasis remap='I'>default_type</emphasis> must
be permanently allocated prior to or during the execution of the class
initialization procedure and must not be subsequently deallocated.
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>resource_name</emphasis> field contains the name used by clients to access the field
in the widget.
By convention, it starts with a lowercase letter
and is spelled exactly like the field name,
except all underscores (_) are deleted and the next letter is replaced by its
uppercase counterpart.
For example, the resource name for background_pixel becomes backgroundPixel.
Resource names beginning with the two-character
sequence &ldquo;xt&rdquo;, and resource classes beginning with the two-character
sequence &ldquo;Xt&rdquo; are reserved to the Intrinsics for future standard and
implementation-dependent uses.
Widget header files typically contain a symbolic name for each resource name.
All resource names, classes, and types used by the Intrinsics are named in
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;X11/StringDefs.h&gt;</filename>.
The Intrinsics's symbolic resource names begin with
&ldquo;XtN&rdquo;
and are followed by the string name (for example, XtNbackgroundPixel
for backgroundPixel).
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>resource_class</emphasis> field contains the class string used in resource
specification files to identify the field.
A resource class provides two functions:
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
It isolates an application from different representations that widgets
can use for a similar resource.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
It lets you specify values for several actual resources with a single name.
A resource class should be chosen to span a group of closely related fields.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
For example,
a widget can have several pixel resources: background, foreground,
border, block cursor, pointer cursor, and so on.
Typically, the background defaults to white
and everything else to black.
The resource class for each of these resources in the resource list
should be chosen so that it takes the minimal number of entries
in the resource database to make the background ivory
and everything else darkblue.
</para>

<para>
In this case, the background pixel should have a resource class of
&ldquo;Background&rdquo;
and all the other pixel entries a resource class of
&ldquo;Foreground&rdquo;.
Then, the resource file needs only two lines to
change all pixels to ivory or darkblue:
</para>
<programlisting>
*Background:    ivory
*Foreground:    darkblue
</programlisting>
<para>
Similarly, a widget may have several font resources (such as normal and bold),
but all fonts should have the class Font.
Thus, changing all fonts simply requires only a single line in the
default resource file:
</para>
<programlisting>
*Font:  6x13
</programlisting>
<para>
By convention,
resource classes are always spelled starting with a capital letter
to distinguish them from resource names.
Their symbolic names are preceded with
&ldquo;XtC&rdquo;
(for example, XtCBackground).
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>resource_type</emphasis> field gives the physical representation type of the resource
and also encodes information about the specific usage of the field.
By convention, it starts with an uppercase letter and is
spelled identically to the type name of the field.
The resource type is used when resources are fetched to
convert from the resource database format (usually
<function>String</function>)
or the format of the resource default value
(almost anything, but often
<function>String</function>)
to the desired
physical representation (see <xref linkend='Resource_Conversions' />).
The Intrinsics define the following resource types:
</para>

<informaltable frame='topbot'>
  <?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
  <tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c1'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c2'/>
  <thead>
    <row rowsep='1'>
      <entry>Resource Type</entry>
      <entry>Structure or Field Type</entry>
    </row>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRAcceleratorTable</function></entry>
      <entry>XtAccelerators</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRAtom</function></entry>
      <entry>Atom</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBitmap</function></entry>
      <entry>Pixmap, depth=1</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBoolean</function></entry>
      <entry>Boolean</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBool</function></entry>
      <entry>Bool</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRCallback</function></entry>
      <entry>XtCallbackList</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRCardinal</function></entry>
      <entry>Cardinal</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRColor</function></entry>
      <entry>XColor</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRColormap</function></entry>
      <entry>Colormap</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRCommandArgArray</function></entry>
      <entry>String*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRCursor</function></entry>
      <entry>Cursor</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDimension</function></entry>
      <entry>Dimension</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDirectoryString</function></entry>
      <entry>String</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDisplay</function></entry>
      <entry>Display*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtREnum</function></entry>
      <entry>XtEnum</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtREnvironmentArray</function></entry>
      <entry>String*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFile</function></entry>
      <entry>FILE*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFloat</function></entry>
      <entry>float</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFont</function></entry>
      <entry>Font</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFontSet</function></entry>
      <entry>XFontSet</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFontStruct</function></entry>
      <entry>XFontStruct*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFunction</function></entry>
      <entry>(*)(Widget)</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRGeometry</function></entry>
      <entry>char*, format as defined by
      <function>XParseGeometry</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRGravity</function></entry>
      <entry>int</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRInitialState</function></entry>
      <entry>int</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRInt</function></entry>
      <entry>int</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRLongBoolean</function></entry>
      <entry>long</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRObject</function></entry>
      <entry>Object</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPixel</function></entry>
      <entry>Pixel</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPixmap</function></entry>
      <entry>Pixmap</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPointer</function></entry>
      <entry>XtPointer</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPosition</function></entry>
      <entry>Position</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRRestartStyle</function></entry>
      <entry>unsigned char</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRScreen</function></entry>
      <entry>Screen*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRShort</function></entry>
      <entry>short</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRSmcConn</function></entry>
      <entry>XtPointer</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRString</function></entry>
      <entry>String</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRStringArray</function></entry>
      <entry>String*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRStringTable</function></entry>
      <entry>String*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRTranslationTable</function></entry>
      <entry>XtTranslations</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRUnsignedChar</function></entry>
      <entry>unsigned char</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRVisual</function></entry>
      <entry>Visual*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRWidget</function></entry>
      <entry>Widget</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRWidgetClass</function></entry>
      <entry>WidgetClass</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRWidgetList</function></entry>
      <entry>WidgetList</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRWindow</function></entry>
      <entry>Window</entry>
    </row>
  </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>

<para>
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;X11/StringDefs.h&gt;</filename>
also defines the following resource types as a
convenience for widgets, although they do not have any corresponding
data type assigned:
<function>XtREditMode</function>,
<function>XtRJustify</function>,
and
<function>XtROrientation</function>.
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>resource_size</emphasis> field is the size of the physical representation in bytes;
you should specify it as
<function>sizeof</function>(type) so that the
compiler fills in the value.
The <emphasis remap='I'>resource_offset</emphasis> field is the offset in bytes of the field
within the widget.
You should use the
<xref linkend='XtOffsetOf' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
macro to retrieve this value.
The <emphasis remap='I'>default_type</emphasis> field is the representation type of the default
resource value.
If <emphasis remap='I'>default_type</emphasis> is different from <emphasis remap='I'>resource_type</emphasis> and the default value
is needed,
the resource manager invokes a conversion procedure from <emphasis remap='I'>default_type</emphasis>
to <emphasis remap='I'>resource_type</emphasis>.
Whenever possible,
the default type should be identical to the resource type in order
to minimize widget creation time.
However, there are sometimes no values of the type that the program
can easily specify.
In this case,
it should be a value for which the converter is guaranteed to work (for example,
<function>XtDefaultForeground</function>
for a pixel resource).
The <emphasis remap='I'>default_addr</emphasis> field specifies the address of the default resource value.
As a special case, if <emphasis remap='I'>default_type</emphasis> is
<function>XtRString</function>,
then the value in the <emphasis remap='I'>default_addr</emphasis> field is the pointer to
the string rather than a pointer to the pointer.
The default is used if a resource is not specified in the argument list
or in the resource database or if the conversion from the representation
type stored in the resource database fails,
which can happen for various reasons (for example, a misspelled entry in a
resource file).
</para>

<para>
Two special representation types
(XtRImmediate
and
XtRCallProc)
are usable only as default resource types.
XtRImmediate
indicates that the value in the <emphasis remap='I'>default_addr</emphasis> field is the actual value of
the resource rather than the address of the value.
The value must be in the correct representation type for the resource,
coerced to an
<function>XtPointer</function>.
No conversion is possible, since there is no source representation type.
XtRCallProc
indicates that the value in the <emphasis remap='I'>default_addr</emphasis> field is a procedure
pointer.
This procedure is automatically invoked with the widget,
<emphasis remap='I'>resource_offset</emphasis>, and a pointer to an
<function>XrmValue</function>
in which to store the result.
XtRCallProc
procedure pointers are of type
<xref linkend='XtResourceDefaultProc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtResourceDefaultProc'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef void <function>(*XtResourceDefaultProc)</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>int <parameter>offset</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>value</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the widget whose resource value is to be obtained.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>offset</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the offset of the field in the widget record.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>value</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource value descriptor to return.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtResourceDefaultProc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
procedure should fill in the <emphasis remap='I'>value-&gt;addr</emphasis> field with a pointer
to the resource value in its correct representation type.
</para>

<para>
To get the resource list structure for a particular class, use
<xref linkend='XtGetResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtGetResourceList'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtGetResourceList</function></funcdef>

   <paramdef>WidgetClass <parameter>class</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList *<parameter>resources_return</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_resources_return</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>class</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object class to be queried.  It must be
<function>objectClass</function>
or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources_return</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Returns the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources_return</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Returns the number of entries in the resource list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
If
<xref linkend='XtGetResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is called before the class is initialized,
it returns the resource list as specified in the class record.
If it is called after the class has been initialized,
<xref linkend='XtGetResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
returns a merged resource list that includes the resources
for all superclasses.
The list returned by
<xref linkend='XtGetResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
should be freed using
<xref linkend='XtFree' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
when it is no longer needed.
</para>

<para>
To get the constraint resource list structure for a particular widget
class, use
<xref linkend='XtGetConstraintResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtGetConstraintResourceList'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtGetConstraintResourceList</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>WidgetClass <parameter>class</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList *<parameter>resources_return</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_resources_return</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>class</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object class to be queried.  It must be
<function>objectClass</function>
or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources_return</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Returns the constraint resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources_return</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Returns the number of entries in the constraint resource list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
If
<xref linkend='XtGetConstraintResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is called before the widget class is
initialized, the resource list as specified in the widget
class Constraint part is returned.  If
<xref linkend='XtGetConstraintResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is called after the widget class has been initialized, the merged
resource list for the class and all Constraint superclasses is
returned.  If the
specified class is not a subclass of
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>,
*<emphasis remap='I'>resources_return</emphasis> is set to NULL
and *<emphasis remap='I'>num_resources_return</emphasis> is set to zero.
The list returned by
<xref linkend='XtGetConstraintResourceList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
should be freed using
<xref linkend='XtFree' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
when it is no longer needed.
</para>

<para>
The routines
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
and
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
also use the resource list to set and get widget state;
see <xref linkend='Obtaining_Widget_State' /> and
<xref linkend='Setting_Widget_State' />.
</para>

<para>
Here is an abbreviated version of a possible resource list for a Label widget:
</para>
<programlisting>
/* Resources specific to Label */
static XtResource resources[] = {
{XtNforeground, XtCForeground, XtRPixel, sizeof(Pixel),
   XtOffsetOf(LabelRec, label.foreground), XtRString, XtDefaultForeground},
{XtNfont, XtCFont, XtRFontStruct, sizeof(XFontStruct*),
   XtOffsetOf(LabelRec, label.font), XtRString, XtDefaultFont},
{XtNlabel, XtCLabel, XtRString, sizeof(String),
   XtOffsetOf(LabelRec, label.label), XtRString, NULL},
        .
        .
        .
}
</programlisting>
<para>
The complete resource name for a field of a widget instance is the
concatenation of the application shell name (from
<function>XtAppCreateShell</function>),
the instance names of all the widget's parents up to the
top of the widget tree,
the instance name of the widget itself,
and the resource name of the specified field of the widget.
Similarly,
the full resource class of a field of a widget instance is the
concatenation of the application class (from
<function>XtAppCreateShell</function>),
the widget class names of all the widget's parents up to the
top of the widget tree,
the widget class name of the widget itself,
and the resource class of the specified field of the widget.
</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="Byte_Offset_Calculations">
<title>Byte Offset Calculations</title>
<para>
To determine the byte offset of a field within a structure type, use
<xref linkend='XtOffsetOf' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtOffsetOf'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>Cardinal <function>XtOffsetOf</function></funcdef>
      <paramdef>Type <parameter>structure_type</parameter></paramdef>
      <paramdef>Field <parameter>field_name</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>



<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>structure_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a type that is declared as a structure.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>field_name</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the name of a member within the structure.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtOffsetOf' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
macro expands to a constant expression that gives the
offset in bytes to the specified structure member from the beginning
of the structure.  It is normally used to statically initialize
resource lists and is more portable than
<xref linkend='XtOffset' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
which serves the same function.
</para>

<para>
To determine the byte offset of a field within a structure pointer type, use
<xref linkend='XtOffset' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtOffset'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>Cardinal <function>XtOffset</function></funcdef>
      <paramdef>Type <parameter> pointer_type</parameter></paramdef>
      <paramdef>Field <parameter> field_name</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>pointer_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a type that is declared as a pointer to a structure.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>field_name</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the name of a member within the structure.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtOffset' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
macro expands to a constant expression that gives the
offset in bytes to the specified structure member from the beginning
of the structure.  It may be used to statically initialize
resource lists.
<xref linkend='XtOffset' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is less portable than
<xref linkend='XtOffsetOf' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="Superclass_to_Subclass_Chaining_of_Resource_Lists">
<title>Superclass-to-Subclass Chaining of Resource Lists</title>
<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function gets resources as a superclass-to-subclass chained operation.
That is, the resources specified in the
<function>objectClass</function>
resource list are fetched,
then those in
<function>rectObjClass</function>,
and so on down to the resources specified
for this widget's class. Within a class, resources are fetched in the order
they are declared.
</para>

<para>
In general, if a widget resource field is declared in a superclass,
that field is included in the superclass's resource list and need not be
included in the subclass's resource list.
For example, the
Core
class contains a resource entry for <emphasis remap='I'>background_pixel</emphasis>.
Consequently,
the implementation of Label need not also have a resource entry
for <emphasis remap='I'>background_pixel</emphasis>.
However, a subclass,
by specifying a resource entry for that field in its own resource list,
can override the resource entry for any field declared in a superclass.
This is most often done to override the defaults provided in the
superclass with new ones.
At class initialization time,
resource lists for that class are scanned from the superclass down
to the class to look for resources with the same offset.
A matching resource in a subclass will be reordered to override
the superclass entry.
If reordering is necessary, a copy of the superclass resource list is made to
avoid affecting other subclasses of the superclass.
</para>

<para>
Also at class initialization time, the Intrinsics produce an
internal representation of the resource list to optimize access time
when creating widgets.  In order to save memory, the Intrinsics may
overwrite the storage allocated for the resource list in the class
record; therefore, widgets must allocate resource lists in writable
storage and must not access the list contents directly after the
class_initialize procedure has returned.
</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="Subresources">
<title>Subresources</title>
<para>
A widget does not do anything to retrieve its own resources;
instead,
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
does this automatically before calling the class initialize procedure.
</para>

<para>
Some widgets have subparts that are not widgets but for which the widget
would like to fetch resources.
Such widgets call
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
to accomplish this.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtGetSubresources'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtGetSubresources</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>class</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object used to qualify the subpart resource name and
class.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address of the subpart data structure into which the
resources will be written.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the name of the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>class</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the class of the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource list for the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list to override any other resource specifications.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function constructs a name and class list from the application name and class,
the names and classes of all the object's ancestors, and the object itself.
Then it appends to this list the <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>class</emphasis> pair passed in.
The resources are fetched from the argument list, the resource database,
or the default values in the resource list.
Then they are copied into the subpart record.
If <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> is NULL,
<emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> must be zero.
However, if <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> is zero,
the argument list is not referenced.
</para>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
may overwrite the specified resource list with an
equivalent representation in an internal format, which optimizes access
time if the list is used repeatedly.  The resource list must be
allocated in writable storage, and the caller must not modify the list
contents after the call if the same list is to be used again.
Resources fetched by
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
are reference-counted as
if they were referenced by the specified object.  Subresources might
therefore be freed from the conversion cache and destroyed
when the object is destroyed, but not before then.
</para>

<para>
To fetch resources for widget subparts using varargs lists, use
<xref linkend='XtVaGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtVaGetSubresources'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtVaGetSubresources</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>class</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>...</paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object used to qualify the subpart resource name and
class.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address of the subpart data structure into which the
resources will be written.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the name of the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>class</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the class of the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource list for the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      ...
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the variable argument list to override any other
resource specifications.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtVaGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is identical in function to
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with the <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters replaced by a varargs list, as
described in Section 2.5.1.
</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="Obtaining_Application_Resources">
<title>Obtaining Application Resources</title>
<para>
To retrieve resources that are not specific to a widget
but apply to the overall application, use
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtGetApplicationResources'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtGetApplicationResources</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object that identifies the resource database to search
(the database is that associated with the display for this object).  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address into which
the resource values will be written.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list to override any other resource specifications.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function first uses the passed object,
which is usually an application shell widget,
to construct a resource name and class list.
The full name and class of the specified object (that is, including its
ancestors, if any) is logically added to the
front of each resource name and class.
Then it retrieves the resources from the argument list,
the resource database, or the resource list default values.
After adding base to each address,
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
copies the resources into the addresses
obtained by adding <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis> to each <emphasis remap='I'>offset</emphasis> in the resource list.
If <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> is NULL,
<emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> must be zero.
However, if <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> is zero,
the argument list is not referenced.
The portable way to specify application resources is to declare them
as members of a structure and pass the address of the structure
as the <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis> argument.
</para>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
may overwrite the specified resource list
with an equivalent representation in an internal format, which
optimizes access time if the list is used repeatedly.  The resource
list must be allocated in writable storage, and the caller must not
modify the list contents after the call if the same list is to be
used again.  Any per-display resources fetched by
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
will not be freed from the resource cache until the display is closed.
</para>

<para>
To retrieve resources for the overall application using varargs lists, use
<xref linkend='XtVaGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtVaGetApplicationResources'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtVaGetApplicationResources</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>...</paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object that identifies the resource database to search
(the database is that associated with the display for this object).  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address into which
the resource values will be written.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource list for the subpart.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      ...
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the variable argument list to override any other
resource specifications.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtVaGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is identical in function to
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with the <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters
replaced by a varargs list, as described in Section 2.5.1.
</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="Resource_Conversions">
<title>Resource Conversions</title>
<para>
The Intrinsics provide a mechanism for registering representation converters that
are automatically invoked by the resource-fetching routines.
The Intrinsics additionally provide and register several commonly used converters.
This resource conversion mechanism serves several purposes:
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
It permits user and application resource files to contain textual
representations of nontextual values.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
It allows textual or other representations of default resource values that
are dependent on the display, screen, or colormap, and thus must be
computed at runtime.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
It caches conversion source and result data.
Conversions that require much computation or space
(for example, string-to-translation-table)
or that require round-trips to the server
(for example, string-to-font or string-to-color) are performed only once.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect2 id="Predefined_Resource_Converters">
<title>Predefined Resource Converters</title>
<para>
The Intrinsics define all the representations used in the
Object,
RectObj,
Core,
Composite,
Constraint,
and
Shell
widget classes.
The Intrinsics register the following resource converters that accept
input values of representation type
<function>XtRString</function>.
</para>

<informaltable frame='topbot'>
  <?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
  <tgroup cols='3' align='left' rowsep='0' colsep='0'>
  <colspec colwidth='0.7*' colname='c1'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c2'/>
  <colspec colwidth='0.6*' colname='c3'/>
  <thead>
    <row rowsep='1'>
      <entry>Target Representation</entry>
      <entry>Converter Name</entry>
      <entry>Additional Args</entry>
    </row>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRAcceleratorTable</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToAcceleratorTable</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRAtom</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToAtom</function></entry>
      <entry>Display*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBoolean</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToBoolean</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBool</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToBool</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRCommandArgArray</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToCommandArgArray</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRCursor</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToCursor</function></entry>
      <entry>Display*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDimension</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToDimension</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDirectoryString</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToDirectoryString</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDisplay</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToDisplay</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFile</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToFile</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFloat</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToFloat</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFont</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToFont</function></entry>
      <entry>Display*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFontSet</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToFontSet</function></entry>
      <entry>Display*, String <emphasis remap='I'>locale</emphasis></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFontStruct</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToFontStruct</function></entry>
      <entry>Display*</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRGravity</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToGravity</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRInitialState</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToInitialState</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRInt</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToInt</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPixel</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToPixel</function></entry>
      <entry><function>colorConvertArgs</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPosition</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToPosition</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRRestartStyle</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToRestartStyle</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRShort</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToShort</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRTranslationTable</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToTranslationTable</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRUnsignedChar</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToUnsignedChar</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRVisual</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtStringToVisual</function></entry>
      <entry>Screen*, Cardinal <emphasis remap='I'>depth</emphasis></entry>
    </row>
  </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>

<para>
The String-to-Pixel conversion has two predefined constants that are
guaranteed to work and contrast with each other:
<function>XtDefaultForeground</function>
and
<function>XtDefaultBackground</function>.
They evaluate to the black and white pixel values of the widget's screen,
respectively.
If the application resource reverseVideo is
<function>True</function>,
they evaluate to the white and black pixel values of the widget's screen,
respectively.
Similarly, the String-to-Font and String-to-FontStruct converters recognize
the constant
<function>XtDefaultFont</function>
and evaluate this in the following manner:
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Query the resource database for the resource whose full name
is &ldquo;xtDefaultFont&rdquo;, class &ldquo;XtDefaultFont&rdquo; (that is, no widget
name/class prefixes), and use a type
<function>XtRString</function>
value returned as the font name or a type
<function>XtRFont</function>
or
<function>XtRFontStruct</function>
value directly as the resource value.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
If the resource database does not contain a value for xtDefaultFont,
class XtDefaultFont, or if the returned font name cannot be
successfully opened, an implementation-defined font in ISO8859-1
character set encoding is opened.  (One possible algorithm is to
perform an
<function>XListFonts</function>
using a wildcard font name and use the first
font in the list.  This wildcard font name should be as broad as
possible to maximize the probability of locating a useable font;
for example, &ldquo;<code>-*-*-*-R-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-ISO8859-1</code>&rdquo;.)
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
If no suitable ISO8859-1 font can be found, issue a warning message
and return
<function>False</function>.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The String-to-FontSet converter recognizes the constant
<function>XtDefaultFontSet</function>
and evaluate this in the following manner:
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Query the resource database for the resource whose full name
is &ldquo;xtDefaultFontSet&rdquo;, class &ldquo;XtDefaultFontSet&rdquo; (that is, no widget
name/class prefixes), and use a type
<function>XtRString</function>
value returned as the base font name list or a type
<function>XtRFontSet</function>
value directly as the resource value.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
If the resource database does not contain a value for xtDefaultFontSet,
class XtDefaultFontSet, or if a font set cannot be
successfully created from this resource,
an implementation-defined font set is created.
(One possible algorithm is to
perform an
<function>XCreateFontSet</function>
using a wildcard base font name.
This wildcard base font name should be as broad as
possible to maximize the probability of locating a useable font;
for example, &ldquo;<code>-*-*-*-R-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*</code>&rdquo;.)
    </para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
If no suitable font set can be created, issue a warning message
and return
<function>False</function>.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If a font set is created but <emphasis remap='I'>missing_charset_list</emphasis> is not
empty, a warning is issued and the partial font set is returned.
The Intrinsics register the String-to-FontSet converter with
a conversion argument list that extracts the current process
locale at the time the converter is invoked.   This ensures
that the converter is invoked again if the same conversion
is required in a different locale.
</para>

<para>
The String-to-Gravity conversion accepts string values that are the
names of window and bit gravities and their numerical equivalents,
as defined in <emphasis remap='I'>Xlib &mdash; C Language X Interface</emphasis>:
<function>ForgetGravity</function>,
<function>UnmapGravity</function>,
<function>NorthWestGravity</function>,
<function>NorthGravity</function>,
<function>NorthEastGravity</function>,
<function>WestGravity</function>,
<function>CenterGravity</function>,
<function>EastGravity</function>,
<function>SouthWestGravity</function>,
<function>SouthGravity</function>,
<function>SouthEastGravity</function>,
and
<function>StaticGravity</function>.
Alphabetic case is not significant in the conversion.
</para>

<para>
The String-to-CommandArgArray conversion parses a String into an
array of strings.
White space characters separate elements of the command line.
The converter recognizes the backslash character &ldquo;\&rdquo; as an escape
character to allow the following white space character to be part of the
array element.
</para>

<para>
The String-to-DirectoryString conversion recognizes the
string &ldquo;XtCurrentDirectory&rdquo; and returns the result of a call
to the operating system to get the current directory.
</para>

<para>
The String-to-RestartStyle conversion accepts the values
<function>RestartIfRunning</function>,
<function>RestartAnyway</function>,
<function>RestartImmediately</function>,
and
<function>RestartNever</function>
as defined by the <emphasis remap='I'>X Session Management Protocol</emphasis>.
</para>

<para>
The String-to-InitialState conversion accepts the values
<function>NormalState</function>
or
<function>IconicState</function>
as defined by the <emphasis remap='I'>Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual</emphasis>.
</para>

<para>
The String-to-Visual conversion calls
<function>XMatchVisualInfo</function>
using the
<emphasis remap='I'>screen</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>depth</emphasis> fields from the core part and returns the first
matching Visual on the list.  The widget resource list must be certain
to specify any resource of type
<function>XtRVisual</function>
after the depth resource.
The allowed string values are the visual class names defined in <emphasis remap='I'>X Window System Protocol</emphasis>,
Section 8;
<function>StaticGray</function>,
<function>StaticColor</function>,
<function>TrueColor</function>,
<function>GrayScale</function>,
<function>PseudoColor</function>,
and
<function>DirectColor</function>.
</para>

<para>
The Intrinsics register the following resource converter that accepts
an input value of representation type
<function>XtRColor</function>.
</para>

<informaltable frame='topbot'>
  <?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
  <tgroup cols='3' align='left' rowsep='0' colsep='0'>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c1'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c2'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c3'/>
  <thead>
    <row rowsep='1'>
      <entry>Target Representation</entry>
      <entry>Converter Name</entry>
      <entry>Additional Args</entry>
    </row>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPixel</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtColorToPixel</function></entry>
    </row>
  </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>

<para>
The Intrinsics register the following resource converters that accept
input values of representation type
<function>XtRInt</function>.
</para>

<informaltable frame='topbot'>
  <?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
  <tgroup cols='3' align='left' rowsep='0' colsep='0'>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c1'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c2'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c3'/>
  <thead>
    <row rowsep='1'>
      <entry>Target Representation</entry>
      <entry>Converter Name</entry>
      <entry>Additional Args</entry>
    </row>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBoolean</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToBoolean</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRBool</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToBool</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRColor</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToColor</function></entry>
      <entry><function>colorConvertArgs</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRDimension</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToDimension</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFloat</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToFloat</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRFont</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToFont</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPixel</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToPixel</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPixmap</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToPixmap</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRPosition</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToPosition</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRShort</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToShort</function></entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRUnsignedChar</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtIntToUnsignedChar</function></entry>
    </row>
  </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>

<para>
The Intrinsics register the following resource converter that accepts
an input value of representation type
<function>XtRPixel</function>.
</para>

<informaltable frame='topbot'>
  <?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
  <tgroup cols='3' align='left' rowsep='0' colsep='0'>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c1'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c2'/>
  <colspec colwidth='1.0*' colname='c3'/>
  <thead>
    <row rowsep='1'>
      <entry>Target Representation</entry>
      <entry>Converter Name</entry>
      <entry>Additional Args</entry>
    </row>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XtRColor</function></entry>
      <entry><function>XtCvtPixelToColor</function></entry>
    </row>
  </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="New_Resource_Converters">
<title>New Resource Converters</title>
<para>
Type converters use pointers to
<function>XrmValue</function>
structures (defined in
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;X11/Xresource.h&gt;;</filename>
see <olink targetdoc='libX11' targetptr='Creating_and_Storing_Databases'>Section 15.4</olink> in
<olink targetdoc='libX11' targetptr='libX11'>Xlib &mdash; C Language X Interface</olink>)
for input and output values.
</para>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
       unsigned int size;
       XPointer addr;
} XrmValue, *XrmValuePtr;
</programlisting>
<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>addr</emphasis> field specifies the address of the data, and the <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis>
field gives the total number of significant bytes in the data.
For values of type
<function>String</function>,
<emphasis remap='I'>addr</emphasis> is the address of the first character and <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis>
includes the NULL-terminating byte.
</para>

<para>
A resource converter procedure pointer is of type
<xref linkend='XtTypeConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtTypeConverter'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef Boolean <function>(*XtTypeConverter)</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Display *<parameter>display</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>from</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>to</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer *<parameter>converter_data</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the display connection with which this conversion is associated.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a list of additional
<function>XrmValue</function>
arguments to the converter if additional context is needed
to perform the conversion, or NULL.
For example, the String-to-Font converter needs the widget's <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis>,
and the String-to-Pixel converter needs the widget's <emphasis remap='I'>screen</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>colormap</emphasis>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the value to convert.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a descriptor for a location into which to store the converted value.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>converter_data</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a location into which the converter may
store converter-specific data associated
with this conversion.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis> argument is normally used only when generating error
messages, to identify the application context (with the function
<function>XtDisplayToApplicationContext ).</function>
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> argument specifies the size and location into which the
converter should store the converted value.  If the <emphasis remap='I'>addr</emphasis> field is NULL,
the converter should allocate appropriate storage and store the size
and location into the <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> descriptor.  If the type converter allocates
the storage, it remains under the ownership of the converter and must
not be modified by the caller.  The type converter is permitted to use
static storage for this purpose, and therefore the caller must
immediately copy the data upon return from the converter.  If the
<emphasis remap='I'>addr</emphasis> field is not NULL, the converter must check the <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis> field to
ensure that sufficient space has been allocated before storing the
converted value.  If insufficient space is specified, the converter
should update the <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis> field with the number of bytes required and
return
<function>False</function>
without modifying the data at the specified location.
If sufficient space was allocated by the caller, the converter should
update the <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis> field with the number of bytes actually occupied by the
converted value.  For converted values of type
<function>XtRString</function>,
the size should
include the NULL-terminating byte, if any.
The converter may store any value in the location specified
in <emphasis remap='I'>converter_data</emphasis>; this value will be passed to the destructor, if any,
when the resource is freed by the Intrinsics.
</para>

<para>
The converter must return
<function>True</function>
if the conversion was successful and
<function>False</function>
otherwise.  If the conversion cannot be performed because of an
improper source value, a warning message should also be issued with
<xref linkend='XtAppWarningMsg' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<para>
Most type converters just take the data described by the specified <emphasis remap='I'>from</emphasis>
argument and return data by writing into the location specified in
the <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> argument.
A few need other information, which is available in <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>.
A type converter can invoke another type converter,
which allows differing sources that may convert into a common intermediate
result to make maximum use of the type converter cache.
</para>

<para>
Note that if an address is written into <emphasis remap='I'>to-&gt;addr</emphasis>, it cannot be that
of a local variable of the converter because the data will not be
valid after the converter returns.  Static variables may be used,
as in the following example.
If the converter modifies the resource database,
the changes affect any in-progress widget creation,
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
or
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
in an implementation-defined manner; however, insertion of new entries
or changes to existing entries is allowed and will not directly cause
an error.
</para>

<para>
The following is an example of a converter that takes a
<function>string</function>
and converts it to a
<function>Pixel</function>.
Note that the <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis> parameter is
used only to generate error messages; the
<function>Screen</function>
conversion argument is
still required to inform the Intrinsics that the converted value is
a function of the particular display (and colormap).
</para>

<programlisting>
#define done(type, value) \
     {                                                 \
          if (toVal-&gt;addr != NULL) {                   \
               if (toVal-&gt;size &lt; sizeof(type)) {       \
                    toVal-&gt;size = sizeof(type);        \
                    return False;                      \
               }                                       \
               *(type*)(toVal-&gt;addr) = (value);        \
          }                                            \
          else {                                       \
               static type static_val;                 \
               static_val = (value);                   \
               toVal-&gt;addr = (XPointer)&amp;static_val;    \
          }                                            \
          toVal-&gt;size = sizeof(type);                  \
          return True;                                 \
     }

static Boolean CvtStringToPixel(
     Display   *dpy,
     XrmValue  *args,
     Cardinal  *num_args,
     XrmValue  *fromVal,
     XrmValue  *toVal,
     XtPointer *converter_data)
{
     static XColor  screenColor;
     XColor         exactColor;
     Screen         *screen;
     Colormap       colormap;
     Status         status;

     if (*num_args != 2)
          XtAppWarningMsg(XtDisplayToApplicationContext(dpy),
               "wrongParameters", "cvtStringToPixel", "XtToolkitError",
               "String to pixel conversion needs screen and colormap arguments",
               (String *)NULL, (Cardinal *)NULL);
     screen = *((Screen**) args[0].addr);
     colormap = *((Colormap *) args[1].addr);
     if (CompareISOLatin1(str, XtDefaultBackground) == 0) {
          *closure_ret = False;
          done(Pixel, WhitePixelOfScreen(screen));
     }
     if (CompareISOLatin1(str, XtDefaultForeground) == 0) {
          *closure_ret = False;
          done(Pixel, BlackPixelOfScreen(screen));
     }
     status = XAllocNamedColor(DisplayOfScreen(screen),
                               colormap, (char*)fromVal-&gt;addr,
                               &amp;screenColor, &amp;exactColor);
     if (status == 0) {
          String params[1];
          Cardinal num_params = 1;
          params[0] = (String)fromVal-&gt;addr;
          XtAppWarningMsg(XtDisplayToApplicationContext(dpy),
                          "noColormap",
                          "cvtStringToPixel",
                          "XtToolkitError",
                          "Cannot allocate colormap entry for \"%s\"",
                          params, &amp;num_params);
          *converter_data = (char *) False;
          return False;
     } else {
          *converter_data = (char *) True;
          done(Pixel, &amp;screenColor.pixel);
     }
}
</programlisting>

<para>
All type converters should define some set of conversion values for which they
are guaranteed to succeed so these can be used in the resource defaults.
This issue arises only with conversions, such as fonts and colors,
where there is no string representation that all server implementations
will necessarily recognize.
For resources like these,
the converter should define a symbolic constant
in the same manner as
<function>XtDefaultForeground</function>,
<function>XtDefaultBackground</function>,
and
<function>XtDefaultFont</function>.
</para>

<para>
To allow the Intrinsics to deallocate resources produced by type
converters, a resource destructor procedure may also be provided.
</para>

<para>
A resource destructor procedure pointer is of type
<xref linkend='XtDestructor' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtDestructor'>
<funcprototype>
  <funcdef>typedef void <function>(*XtDestructor)</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtAppContext <parameter>app</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>to</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>converter_data</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>app</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies an application context in which the resource is being freed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a descriptor for the resource produced by the type converter.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>converter_data</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the converter-specific data returned by the type converter.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the additional converter arguments as passed
to the type converter when the conversion was performed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The destructor procedure is responsible for freeing the resource
specified by the <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> argument, including any auxiliary storage
associated with that resource, but not the memory directly addressed
by the size and location in the <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> argument or the memory specified
by <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="Issuing_Conversion_Warnings">
<title>Issuing Conversion Warnings</title>
<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtDisplayStringConversionWarning' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
procedure is a convenience routine for resource type converters
that convert from string values.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtDisplayStringConversionWarning'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtDisplayStringConversionWarning</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Display *<parameter>display</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>from_value</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>to_type</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the display connection with which the conversion is associated.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from_value</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the string that could not be converted.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the target representation type requested.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtDisplayStringConversionWarning' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
procedure issues a warning message using
<xref linkend='XtAppWarningMsg' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis> &ldquo;conversionError&rdquo;,
<emphasis remap='I'>type</emphasis> &ldquo;string&rdquo;, <emphasis remap='I'>class</emphasis> &ldquo;XtToolkitError&rdquo;, and the default message
&ldquo;Cannot convert "<emphasis remap='I'>from_value</emphasis>" to type <emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis>&rdquo;.
</para>

<para>
To issue other types of warning or error messages, the type converter
should use
<xref linkend='XtAppWarningMsg' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
or
<xref linkend='XtAppErrorMsg' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<para>
To retrieve the application context associated with a given
display connection, use
<xref linkend='XtDisplayToApplicationContext' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtDisplayToApplicationContext'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>XtAppContext <function>XtDisplayToApplicationContext</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Display *<parameter>display</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies an open and initialized display connection.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtDisplayToApplicationContext' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function returns the application
context in which the specified <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis> was initialized.  If the
display is not known to the Intrinsics, an error message is issued.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="Registering_a_New_Resource_Converter">
<title>Registering a New Resource Converter</title>
<para>
When registering a resource converter, the client must specify the
manner in which the conversion cache is to be used when there are multiple
calls to the converter.  Conversion cache control is specified
via an <function>XtCacheType</function>
argument.  </para>

<programlisting>
typedef int XtCacheType;
</programlisting>

<para>
An <function>XtCacheType</function>
field may contain one of the following values:
</para>

<para>
<function>XtCacheNone</function>
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Specifies that the results of a previous conversion
may not be reused to satisfy any other resource
requests; the specified converter will be called
each time the converted value is required.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<function>XtCacheAll</function>
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Specifies that the results of a previous conversion
should be reused for any resource request that depends
upon the same source value and conversion arguments.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<function>XtCacheByDisplay</function>
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Specifies that the results of a previous conversion
should be used as for
<function>XtCacheAll</function>
but the destructor will be called, if specified, if
<xref linkend='XtCloseDisplay' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is called
for the display connection associated with the converted value, and
the value will be removed from the conversion cache.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The qualifier
<function>XtCacheRefCount</function>
may be ORed with any of the above values.  If
<function>XtCacheRefCount</function>
is specified, calls to
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
<xref linkend='XtCreateManagedWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
and
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
that use the converted value will be counted.  When a widget using the
converted value is destroyed, the count is decremented, and, if the
count reaches zero, the destructor procedure will be called and the
converted value will be removed from the conversion cache.
</para>

<para>
To register a type converter for all application contexts in a
process, use
<xref linkend='XtSetTypeConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
and to register a type converter in a single application context, use
<xref linkend='XtAppSetTypeConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtSetTypeConverter'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtSetTypeConverter</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>from_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>to_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtTypeConverter <parameter>converter</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtConvertArgList <parameter>convert_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtCacheType <parameter>cache_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtDestructor <parameter>destructor</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the source type.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the destination type.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>converter</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource type converter procedure.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>convert_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies additional conversion arguments, or NULL.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in <emphasis remap='I'>convert_args</emphasis>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>cache_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies whether or not resources produced by this
converter are sharable or display-specific and when
they should be freed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>destructor</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a destroy procedure for resources produced by
this conversion, or NULL if no additional action is
required to deallocate resources produced by the converter.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>


<funcsynopsis id='XtAppSetTypeConverter'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtAppSetTypeConverter</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtAppContext <parameter>app_context</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>from_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>to_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtTypeConverter <parameter>converter</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtConvertArgList <parameter>convert_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtCacheType <parameter>cache_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtDestructor <parameter>destructor</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>app_context</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the application context.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the source type.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the destination type.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>converter</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the resource type converter procedure.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>convert_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies additional conversion arguments, or NULL.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in <emphasis remap='I'>convert_args</emphasis>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>cache_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies whether or not resources produced by this
converter are sharable or display-specific and when
they should be freed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>destructor</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a destroy procedure for resources produced by
this conversion, or NULL if no additional action is
required to deallocate resources produced by the converter.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtSetTypeConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
registers the specified type converter and
destructor in all application contexts created by the calling process,
including any future application contexts that may be created.
<xref linkend='XtAppSetTypeConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
registers the specified type converter in the
single application context specified.  If the same <emphasis remap='I'>from_type</emphasis> and
<emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis> are specified in multiple calls to either function, the most
recent overrides the previous ones.
</para>

<para>
For the few type converters that need additional arguments,
the Intrinsics conversion mechanism provides a method of specifying
how these arguments should be computed.
The enumerated type
<function>XtAddressMode</function>
and the structure
<function>XtConvertArgRec</function>
specify how each argument is derived.
These are defined in
<filename class="headerfile">&lt;X11/Intrinsic.h&gt;</filename>.
</para>
<programlisting>
typedef enum {
        /* address mode parameter representation */
           XtAddress,           /* address */
           XtBaseOffset,        /* offset */
           XtImmediate,         /* constant */
           XtResourceString,    /* resource name string */
           XtResourceQuark,     /* resource name quark */
           XtWidgetBaseOffset,  /* offset */
           XtProcedureArg       /* procedure to call */
} XtAddressMode;

typedef struct {
        XtAddressMode   address_mode;
        XtPointer       address_id;
        Cardinal        size;
} XtConvertArgRec, *XtConvertArgList;
</programlisting>
<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis> field specifies the length of the data in bytes.
The <emphasis remap='I'>address_mode</emphasis> field specifies how the <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> field should be
interpreted.
<function>XtAddress</function>
causes <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> to be interpreted as the address of the data.
<function>XtBaseOffset</function>
causes <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> to be interpreted as the offset from the widget base.
<function>XtImmediate</function>
causes <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> to be interpreted as a constant.
<function>XtResourceString</function>
causes <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> to be interpreted as the name of a resource
that is to be converted into an offset from the widget base.
<function>XtResourceQuark</function>
causes <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> to be interpreted as the result of an
<function>XrmStringToQuark</function>
conversion on the name of a resource,
which is to be converted into an offset from the widget base.
<function>XtWidgetBaseOffset</function>
is similar to
<function>XtBaseOffset</function>
except that it
searches for the closest windowed ancestor if the object is not
of a subclass of
Core
(see <xref linkend='Nonwidget_Objects' />).
<function>XtProcedureArg</function>
specifies that <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> is a pointer to a procedure to
be invoked to return the conversion argument.  If
<function>XtProcedureArg</function>
is specified, <emphasis remap='I'>address_id</emphasis> must contain
the address of a function of type
<xref linkend='XtConvertArgProc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtConvertArgProc'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef void <function>(*XtConvertArgProc)</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>size</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValue *<parameter>value</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Passes the object for which the resource is being
converted, or NULL if the converter was invoked by
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/> or
<xref linkend='XtDirectConvert' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Passes a pointer to the size field from the XtConvertArgRec.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>value</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Passes a pointer to a descriptor into which the procedure must store the
conversion argument.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
When invoked, the <function>XtConvertArgProc</function> procedure must derive a
conversion argument and store the address and size of the
argument in the location pointed to by value.
</para>
<para>
In order to permit reentrancy, the <function>XtConvertArgProc</function> should
return the address of storage whose lifetime is no shorter
than the lifetime of object.
If object is NULL,
the lifetime of the conversion argument must be no shorter than the
lifetime of the resource with which the conversion argument
is associated.	The Intrinsics do not guarantee to copy this
storage but do guarantee not to reference it if the resource
is removed from the conversion cache.
</para>
<para>
The following example illustrates how to register the
<function>CvtStringToPixel</function>
routine given earlier:
</para>
<programlisting>
static XtConvertArgRec colorConvertArgs[] = {
  {XtWidgetBaseOffset,
   (XtPointer)XtOffset(Widget, core.screen),
   sizeof(Screen*)},
  {XtWidgetBaseOffset,
   (XtPointer)XtOffset(Widget, core.colormap),
   sizeof(Colormap)}
};

XtSetTypeConverter(XtRString,
                   XtRPixel,
                   CvtStringToPixel,
                   colorConvertArgs,
                   XtNumber(colorConvertArgs),
                   XtCacheByDisplay, NULL);
</programlisting>
<para>
The conversion argument descriptors colorConvertArgs and
screenConvertArg are predefined by the Intrinsics.  Both
take the values from the closest windowed ancestor if the
object is not of a subclass of Core.  The screenConvertArg
descriptor puts the widget’s screen field into args[0].  The
colorConvertArgs descriptor puts the widget’s screen field
into args[0], and the widget’s colormap field into args[1].
</para>
<para>
Conversion routines should not just put a descriptor for the
address of the base of the widget into args[0], and use that
in the routine.  They should pass in the actual values on
which the conversion depends.  By keeping the dependencies
of the conversion procedure specific, it is more likely that
subsequent conversions will find what they need in the conversion cache.
This way the cache is smaller and has fewer
and more widely applicable entries.
</para>
<para>
If any conversion arguments of type
<type>XtBaseOffset</type>,
<type>XtResourceString</type>,
<type>XtResourceQuark</type>,
and
<type>XtWidgetBaseOffset</type>
are
specified for conversions performed by
<type>XtGetApplicationResources</type>,
<type>XtGetSubresources</type>,
<type>XtVaGetApplicationResources</type>,
or
<type>XtVaGetSubresources</type>,
the arguments are computed with respect
to the specified widget, not the base address or resource
list specified in the call.
</para>
<para>
If the <function>XtConvertArgProc</function> modifies the resource database, the
changes affect any in-progress widget creation,
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
or
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
in an implementation-defined manner;
however, insertion of new entries or changes
to existing entries are allowed and will not directly cause
an error.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="Resource_Converter_Invocation">
<title>Resource Converter Invocation</title>
<para>
All resource-fetching routines (for example,
<xref linkend='XtGetSubresources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
<xref linkend='XtGetApplicationResources' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
and so on) call resource converters if the resource database or
varargs list specifies a value
that has a different representation from the desired representation or if the
widget's default resource value representation is different from the desired
representation.
</para>

<para>
To invoke explicit resource conversions, use
<xref linkend='XtConvertAndStore' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
or
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>
<programlisting>
typedef XtPointer XtCacheRef;
</programlisting>

<funcsynopsis id='XtCallConverter'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>Boolean  <function>XtCallConverter</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Display* <parameter>display</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtTypeConverter <parameter>converter</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValuePtr <parameter>conversion_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValuePtr <parameter>from</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValuePtr <parameter>to_in_out</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtCacheRef *<parameter>cache_ref_return</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>display</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the display with which the conversion is to be associated.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>converter</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the conversion procedure to be called.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>conversion_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the additional conversion arguments needed
to perform the conversion, or NULL.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in <emphasis remap='I'>conversion_args</emphasis>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a descriptor for the source value.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to_in_out</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Returns the converted value.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>cache_ref_return</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Returns a conversion cache id.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function looks up the
specified type converter in the application context associated with
the display and, if the converter was not registered or was registered
with cache type
<function>XtCacheAll</function>
or
<function>XtCacheByDisplay</function>,
looks in the conversion cache to see if this conversion procedure
has been called with the specified conversion arguments.  If so, it
checks the success status of the prior call, and if
the conversion failed,
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
returns
<function>False</function>
immediately;
otherwise it checks the size specified in the <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> argument, and, if it is
greater than or equal to the size stored in the cache, copies the
information stored in the cache into the location specified by
<emphasis remap='I'>to-&gt;addr</emphasis>, stores the cache size into <emphasis remap='I'>to-&gt;size</emphasis>, and returns
<function>True</function>.
If the size specified in the <emphasis remap='I'>to</emphasis> argument is smaller than the size stored
in the cache,
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
copies the cache size into <emphasis remap='I'>to-&gt;size</emphasis> and returns
<function>False</function>.
If the converter was registered with cache type
<function>XtCacheNone</function>
or no value was found in the conversion cache,
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
calls the converter, and if it was not registered with cache type
<function>XtCacheNone</function>,
enters the result in the cache.
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
then returns what the converter returned.
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>cache_ref_return</emphasis> field specifies storage allocated by the caller in which
an opaque value will be stored.  If the type converter has been
registered with the
<function>XtCacheRefCount</function>
modifier and if the value returned
in <emphasis remap='I'>cache_ref_return</emphasis> is non-NULL, then the caller should store the
<emphasis remap='I'>cache_ref_return</emphasis> value in order to decrement the reference count when
the converted value is no longer required.  The <emphasis remap='I'>cache_ref_return</emphasis>
argument should be
NULL if the caller is unwilling or unable to store the
value.
</para>

<para>
To explicitly decrement the reference counts for resources obtained
from
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
use
<xref linkend='XtAppReleaseCacheRefs' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtAppReleaseCacheRefs'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtAppReleaseCacheRefs</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtAppContext <parameter>app_context</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtCacheRef *<parameter>refs</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>app_context</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the application context.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>refs</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the list of cache references to be released.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtAppReleaseCacheRefs' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
decrements the reference count for the
conversion entries identified by the <emphasis remap='I'>refs</emphasis> argument.
This argument is a
pointer to a NULL-terminated list of
<function>XtCacheRef</function>
values.  If any reference
count reaches zero, the destructor, if any, will be called and
the resource removed from the conversion cache.
</para>

<para>
As a convenience to clients needing to explicitly decrement reference
counts via a callback function, the Intrinsics define two callback
procedures,
<xref linkend='XtCallbackReleaseCacheRef' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
and
<xref linkend='XtCallbackReleaseCacheRefList' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtCallbackReleaseCacheRef'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtCallbackReleaseCacheRef</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>client_data</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>call_data</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object with which the resource is associated.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>client_data</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the conversion cache entry to be released.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>call_data</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Is ignored.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
This callback procedure may be added to a callback list to release a
previously returned
<function>XtCacheRef</function>
value.  When adding the callback, the
callback <emphasis remap='I'>client_data</emphasis> argument must be specified as the value of the
<function>XtCacheRef</function>
data cast to type
<function>XtPointer</function>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtCallbackReleaseCacheRefList'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtCallbackReleaseCacheRefList</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>client_data</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>call_data</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object with which the resources are associated.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>client_data</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the conversion cache entries to be released.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>call_data</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Is ignored.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
This callback procedure may be added to a callback list to release a
list of previously returned
<function>XtCacheRef</function>
values.  When adding the
callback, the callback <emphasis remap='I'>client_data</emphasis> argument must be specified as a
pointer to a NULL-terminated list of
<function>XtCacheRef</function>
values.
</para>

<para>
To lookup and call a resource converter, copy the resulting value,
and free a cached resource when a widget is destroyed, use
<xref linkend='XtConvertAndStore' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtConvertAndStore'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>Boolean <function>XtConvertAndStore</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>from_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValuePtr <parameter>from</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>const char * <parameter>to_type</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XrmValuePtr <parameter>to_in_out</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object to use for additional arguments, if any are needed,
and the destroy callback list.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the source type.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>from</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the value to be converted.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the destination type.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>to_in_out</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a descriptor for storage into which the converted value
will be returned.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtConvertAndStore' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function looks up the type converter registered
to convert <emphasis remap='I'>from_type</emphasis> to <emphasis remap='I'>to_type</emphasis>, computes any additional arguments
needed, and then calls
<xref linkend='XtCallConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
(or
<xref linkend='XtDirectConvert' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
if an old-style converter was registered with
<xref linkend='XtAddConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
or
<xref linkend='XtAppAddConverter' xrefstyle='select: title'/>;
see Appendix C) with the <emphasis remap='I'>from</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>to_in_out</emphasis> arguments.  The
<emphasis remap='I'>to_in_out</emphasis> argument specifies the size and location into which the
converted value will be stored and is passed directly to the
converter.  If the location is specified as NULL, it will be replaced
with a pointer to private storage and the size will be returned in the
descriptor.  The caller is expected to copy this private storage
immediately and must not modify it in any way.  If a non-NULL location
is specified, the caller must allocate sufficient storage to hold the
converted value and must also specify the size of that storage in the
descriptor.
The <emphasis remap='I'>size</emphasis> field will be modified on return to indicate the actual
size of the converted data.
If the conversion succeeds,
<xref linkend='XtConvertAndStore' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
returns
<function>True</function>;
otherwise, it returns
<function>False</function>.
</para>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtConvertAndStore' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
adds
<xref linkend='XtCallbackReleaseCacheRef' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
to the destroyCallback list of the specified object if the conversion
returns an
<function>XtCacheRef</function>
value.  The resulting resource should not be referenced
after the object has been destroyed.
</para>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
performs processing equivalent to
<xref linkend='XtConvertAndStore' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
when initializing the object instance.  Because there is extra memory
overhead required to implement reference counting, clients may
distinguish those objects that are never destroyed before the
application exits from those that may be destroyed and whose
resources should be deallocated.
</para>

<para>
To specify whether reference counting is to be enabled for the
resources of a particular object when the object is created, the
client can specify a value for the
<function>Boolean</function>
resource
XtNinitialResourcesPersistent,
class
XtCInitialResourcesPersistent.
</para>

<para>
When
<xref linkend='XtCreateWidget' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is called, if this resource is not specified as
<function>False</function>
in either the arglist or the resource database, then the
resources referenced by this object are not reference-counted, regardless of
how the type converter may have been registered.  The effective
default value is
<function>True</function>;
thus clients that expect to destroy one or
more objects and want resources deallocated must explicitly specify
<function>False</function>
for
XtNinitialResourcesPersistent.
</para>

<para>
The resources are still freed and destructors called when
<xref linkend='XtCloseDisplay' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is called if the conversion was registered as
<function>XtCacheByDisplay</function>.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="Reading_and_Writing_Widget_State">
<title>Reading and Writing Widget State</title>
<para>
Any resource field in a widget can be read or written by a client.
On a write operation,
the widget decides what changes it will actually allow and updates all
derived fields appropriately.
</para>
<sect2 id="Obtaining_Widget_State">
<title>Obtaining Widget State</title>
<para>
To retrieve the current values of resources associated with a
widget instance, use
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtGetValues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtGetValues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object whose resource values are to be returned.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list of name/address pairs that contain the
resource names and the addresses into which the resource values are to
be stored.
The resource names are widget-dependent.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function starts with the resources specified for the Object class
and proceeds down the subclass chain to the class of the object.
The <emphasis remap='I'>value</emphasis> field of a passed argument list must contain the
address into which to copy the contents of the corresponding
object instance field.  If the field is a pointer type, the lifetime
of the pointed-to data is defined by the object class.  For the
Intrinsics-defined resources, the following lifetimes apply:
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Not valid following any operation that modifies the resource:
    </para>
    <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
      <listitem>
        <para>
XtNchildren resource of composite widgets.
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
All resources of representation type XtRCallback.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Remain valid at least until the widget is destroyed:
    </para>
    <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
      <listitem>
        <para>
XtNaccelerators, XtNtranslations.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
    <para>
Remain valid until the Display is closed:
    </para>
    <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
      <listitem>
        <para>
XtNscreen.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
It is the caller's responsibility
to allocate and deallocate storage for the copied data
according to the size of the
resource representation type used within the object.
</para>

<para>
If the class of the object's parent is a subclass of
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>,
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
then fetches the values for any constraint resources requested.
It starts with the constraint resources specified for
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>
and proceeds down the subclass chain to the parent's constraint resources.
If the argument list contains a resource name that is not found in any of the
resource lists searched,
the value at the corresponding address is not modified.
If any get_values_hook procedures in the
object's class or superclass records are non-NULL,
they are called in superclass-to-subclass order after
all the resource values have been fetched by
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
Finally, if the object's parent is a
subclass of
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>,
and if any of the parent's class or
superclass records have declared
<function>ConstraintClassExtension</function>
records in
the Constraint class part <emphasis remap='I'>extension</emphasis> field with a record type of
<emphasis role='strong'>NULLQUARK</emphasis>,
and if the <emphasis remap='I'>get_values_hook</emphasis> field in the extension record is non-NULL,
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
calls the get_values_hook procedures in superclass-to-subclass order.
This permits a Constraint parent to provide
nonresource data via
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<para>
Get_values_hook procedures may modify the data stored at the
location addressed by the <emphasis remap='I'>value</emphasis> field, including (but not
limited to) making a copy of data whose resource representation is a
pointer.  None of the Intrinsics-defined object classes copy
data in this manner.  Any operation that modifies the queried
object resource may invalidate the pointed-to data.
</para>

<para>
To retrieve the current values of resources associated with a widget
instance using varargs lists, use
<xref linkend='XtVaGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtVaGetValues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtVaGetValues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef><parameter>...</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object whose resource values are to be returned.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      ...
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the variable argument list for the resources to
be returned.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtVaGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is identical in function to
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with the <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters replaced by a varargs list, as described in
Section 2.5.1.  All value entries in the list must specify pointers to
storage allocated by the caller to which the resource value will be
copied.  It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that sufficient
storage is allocated.  If
<function>XtVaTypedArg</function>
is specified, the <emphasis remap='I'>type</emphasis> argument
specifies the representation desired by the caller and <emphasis remap='I'>the</emphasis> size argument
specifies the number of bytes allocated to store the result of the
conversion.  If the size is insufficient, a warning message is issued
and the list entry is skipped.
</para>
<sect3 id="Widget_Subpart_Resource_Data_The_get_values_hook_Procedure">
<title>Widget Subpart Resource Data: The get_values_hook Procedure</title>
<para>
Widgets that have subparts can return resource values from them through
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
by supplying a get_values_hook procedure.
The get_values_hook procedure pointer is of type
<xref linkend='XtArgsProc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='_XtArgsProc'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef void <function>(*XtArgsProc)</function></funcdef>

   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the widget whose subpart resource values are to be retrieved.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list that was passed to
<xref linkend='XtGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
or the transformed varargs list passed to
<xref linkend='XtVaGetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The widget with subpart resources should call
<xref linkend='XtGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
in the get_values_hook procedure
and pass in its subresource list and the <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Widget_Subpart_State">
<title>Widget Subpart State</title>
<para>
To retrieve the current values of subpart resource data associated with a
widget instance, use
<xref linkend='XtGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
For a discussion of subpart resources,
see <xref linkend='Subresources' />.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtGetSubvalues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtGetSubvalues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address of the subpart data structure for which the
resources should be retrieved.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the subpart resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list of name/address pairs that contain the
resource names and the addresses into which the resource values are to
be stored.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function obtains resource values from the structure identified by <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>.
The <emphasis remap='I'>value</emphasis> field in each argument entry must contain the address into
which to store the corresponding resource value.  It is the caller's
responsibility to allocate and deallocate this storage according to
the size of the resource representation type used within the subpart.
If the argument list contains a resource name that is not found in the
resource list, the value at the corresponding address is not modified.
</para>

<para>
To retrieve the current values of subpart resources associated with
a widget instance using varargs lists, use
<xref linkend='XtVaGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtVaGetSubvalues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtVaGetSubvalues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef> <parameter>...</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address of the subpart data structure for which the
resources should be retrieved.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the subpart resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      ...
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a variable argument list of name/address pairs that
contain the resource names and the addresses into which the resource
values are to be stored.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtVaGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is identical in function to
<xref linkend='XtGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with the
<emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters replaced by a varargs list, as described
in Section 2.5.1.
<function>XtVaTypedArg</function>
is not supported for
<xref linkend='XtVaGetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
If
<function>XtVaTypedArg</function>
is specified in the list, a warning message is issued
and the entry is then ignored.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="Setting_Widget_State">
<title>Setting Widget State</title>
<para>
To modify the current values of resources associated with a widget
instance, use
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtSetValues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtSetValues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object whose resources are to be modified.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list of name/value pairs that contain the
resources to be modified and their new values.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function starts with the resources specified for the
Object
class fields and proceeds down the subclass chain to the object.
At each stage, it replaces the <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis> resource fields with any values
specified in the argument list.
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
then calls the set_values procedures for the object in superclass-to-subclass
order.
If the object has any non-NULL <emphasis remap='I'>set_values_hook</emphasis> fields,
these are called immediately after the
corresponding set_values procedure.
This procedure permits subclasses to set subpart data via
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<para>
If the class of the object's parent is a subclass of
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
also updates the object's constraints.
It starts with the constraint resources specified for
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>
and proceeds down the subclass chain to the parent's class.
At each stage, it replaces the constraint resource fields with any
values specified in the argument list.
It then calls the constraint set_values procedures from
<function>constraintWidgetClass</function>
down to the parent's class.
The constraint set_values procedures are called with widget arguments,
as for all set_values procedures, not just the constraint records,
so that they can make adjustments to the desired values based
on full information about the widget.  Any arguments specified that
do not match a resource list entry are silently ignored.
</para>

<para>
If the object is of a subclass of
RectObj,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
determines if a geometry request is needed by comparing the old object to
the new object.
If any geometry changes are required,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
restores the original geometry and makes the request on behalf of the widget.
If the geometry manager returns
<function>XtGeometryYes</function>,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
calls the object's resize procedure.
If the geometry manager returns
<function>XtGeometryDone</function>,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
continues, as the object's resize procedure should have been called
by the geometry manager.
If the geometry manager returns
<function>XtGeometryNo</function>,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
ignores the geometry request and continues.
If the geometry manager returns
<function>XtGeometryAlmost</function>,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
calls the set_values_almost procedure,
which determines what should be done.
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
then repeats this process,
deciding once more whether the geometry manager should be called.
</para>

<para>
Finally, if any of the set_values procedures returned
<function>True</function>,
and the widget is realized,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
causes the widget's expose procedure to be invoked by calling
<function>XClearArea</function>
on the widget's window.
</para>

<para>
To modify the current values of resources associated with a widget
instance using varargs lists, use
<xref linkend='XtVaSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtVaSetValues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtVaSetValues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>object</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef> <parameter>...</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>object</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object whose resources are to be modified.  Must be of class Object or any subclass thereof.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      ...
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the variable argument list of name/value pairs that
contain the resources to be modified and their new values.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtVaSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is identical in function to
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with the <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters replaced by a varargs list, as
described in Section 2.5.1.
</para>
<sect3 id="Widget_State_The_set_values_Procedure">
<title>Widget State: The set_values Procedure</title>
<para>
The set_values procedure pointer in a widget class is of type
<xref linkend='XtSetValuesFunc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtSetValuesFunc'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef Boolean <function>(*XtSetValuesFunc)</function></funcdef>

   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>current</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>new</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>current</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a copy of the widget as it was before the
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
call.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a copy of the widget with all values changed as asked for by the
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
call before any class set_values procedures have been called.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the widget with the new values that are actually allowed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list passed to
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
or the transformed argument list passed to
<xref linkend='XtVaSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The set_values procedure should recompute any field
derived from resources that are changed
(for example, many GCs depend on foreground and background pixels).
If no recomputation is necessary, and if none of the resources specific to a
subclass require the window to be redisplayed when their values are changed,
you can specify NULL for the <emphasis remap='I'>set_values</emphasis> field in the class record.
</para>

<para>
Like the initialize procedure,
set_values mostly deals only with the fields defined in the subclass,
but it has to resolve conflicts with its superclass,
especially conflicts over width and height.
</para>

<para>
Sometimes a subclass may want to overwrite values filled in by its
superclass.
In particular, size calculations of a superclass are often
incorrect for a subclass, and, in this case,
the subclass must modify or recalculate fields declared
and computed by its superclass.
</para>

<para>
As an example,
a subclass can visually surround its superclass display.
In this case, the width and height calculated by the superclass set_values
procedure are too small and need to be incremented by the size of the surround.
The subclass needs to know if its superclass's size was calculated by the
superclass or was specified explicitly.
All widgets must place themselves into whatever size is explicitly given,
but they should compute a reasonable size if no size is requested.
How does a subclass know the difference between a specified size
and a size computed by a superclass?
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> parameters provide the necessary information.
The <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> widget is a copy of the widget, updated as originally requested.
The <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> widget starts with the values in the request,
but it has additionally been updated by all superclass set_values
procedures called so far.
A subclass set_values procedure can compare these two to resolve
any potential conflicts.
The set_values procedure need not refer to the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> widget
unless it must resolve conflicts between the <emphasis remap='I'>current</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> widgets.
Any changes the widget needs to make, including geometry changes,
should be made in the <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> widget.
</para>

<para>
In the above example,
the subclass with the visual surround can see
if the <emphasis remap='I'>width</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>height</emphasis> in the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> widget are zero.
If so,
it adds its surround size to the <emphasis remap='I'>width</emphasis> and
<emphasis remap='I'>height</emphasis> fields in the <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> widget.
If not, it must make do with the size originally specified.
In this case, zero is a special value defined by the class to permit
the application to invoke this behavior.
</para>

<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> widget is the actual widget instance record.
Therefore,
the set_values procedure should do all its work on the <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> widget;
the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> widget should never be modified.
If the set_values procedure needs to call any routines that operate on
a widget, it should specify <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> as the widget instance.
</para>

<para>
Before calling the set_values procedures, the Intrinsics modify the
resources of the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> widget according to the contents of the arglist;
if the widget names all its resources in the class resource list, it is
never necessary to examine the contents of <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>.
</para>

<para>
Finally, the set_values procedure must return a Boolean that indicates whether
the widget needs to be redisplayed.
Note that a change in the geometry fields alone does not require
the set_values procedure to return
<function>True</function>;
the X server will eventually generate an
<function>Expose</function>
event, if necessary.
After calling all the set_values procedures,
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
forces a redisplay by calling
<function>XClearArea</function>
if any of the set_values procedures returned
<function>True</function>.
Therefore, a set_values procedure should not try to do its own redisplaying.
</para>

<para>
Set_values procedures should not do any work in response to changes in
geometry because
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
eventually will perform a geometry request, and that request might be denied.
If the widget actually changes size in response to a
call to
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>,
its resize procedure is called.
Widgets should do any geometry-related work in their resize procedure.
</para>

<para>
Note that it is permissible to call
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
before a widget is realized.
Therefore, the set_values procedure must not assume that the widget is realized.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Widget_State_The_set_values_almost_Procedure">
<title>Widget State: The set_values_almost Procedure</title>
<para>
The set_values_almost procedure pointer in the widget class record is of type
<xref linkend='XtAlmostProc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtAlmostProc'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef void <function>(*XtAlmostProc)</function></funcdef>

   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>old</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>new</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtWidgetGeometry *<parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtWidgetGeometry *<parameter>reply</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>old</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies a copy of the object as it was before the
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
call.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the object instance record.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the original geometry request that was sent to the geometry
manager that caused
<function>XtGeometryAlmost</function>
to be returned.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>reply</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the compromise geometry that was returned by the geometry
manager with
<function>XtGeometryAlmost</function>.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
Most classes inherit the set_values_almost procedure from their superclass by
specifying
<function>XtInheritSetValuesAlmost</function>
in the class initialization.
The
set_values_almost procedure in
<function>rectObjClass</function>
accepts the compromise suggested.
</para>

<para>
The set_values_almost procedure is called when a client tries to set a widget's
geometry by means of a call to
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
and the geometry manager cannot
satisfy the request but instead returns
<function>XtGeometryNo</function>
or
<function>XtGeometryAlmost</function>
and a compromise geometry.
The <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> object is the actual instance record.  The <emphasis remap='I'>x</emphasis>, <emphasis remap='I'>y</emphasis>,
<emphasis remap='I'>width</emphasis>, <emphasis remap='I'>height</emphasis>,
and <emphasis remap='I'>border_width</emphasis> fields contain the original values as they were
before the
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
call, and all other fields contain the new
values.  The <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> parameter contains the new geometry request that
was made to the parent.  The <emphasis remap='I'>reply</emphasis> parameter contains
<emphasis remap='I'>reply-&gt;request_mode</emphasis> equal to zero if the parent returned
<function>XtGeometryNo</function>
and contains the parent's compromise geometry otherwise.  The
set_values_almost procedure takes the original geometry and the
compromise geometry and determines if the compromise is
acceptable or whether
to try a different compromise.
It returns its results in the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> parameter,
which is then sent back to the geometry manager for another try.
To accept the compromise, the procedure must copy the contents
of the <emphasis remap='I'>reply</emphasis> geometry into the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis> geometry; to attempt an
alternative geometry, the procedure may modify any part of the <emphasis remap='I'>request</emphasis>
argument; to terminate the geometry negotiation and retain the
original geometry, the procedure must set <emphasis remap='I'>request-&gt;request_mode</emphasis> to
zero.  The geometry fields of the <emphasis remap='I'>old</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>new</emphasis> instances must not be modified
directly.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Widget_State_The_ConstraintClassPart_set_values_Procedure">
<title>Widget State: The ConstraintClassPart set_values Procedure</title>
<para>
The constraint set_values procedure pointer is of type
<xref linkend='XtSetValuesFunc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
The values passed to the parent's constraint set_values procedure
are the same as those passed to the child's class
set_values procedure.
A class can specify NULL for the <emphasis remap='I'>set_values</emphasis> field of the
<function>ConstraintPart</function>
if it need not compute anything.
</para>

<para>
The constraint set_values procedure should recompute any constraint fields
derived from constraint resources that are changed.
Furthermore, it may modify other widget fields as appropriate.
For example, if a constraint for the maximum height of a widget is changed
to a value smaller than the widget's current height,
the constraint set_values procedure may reset the <emphasis remap='I'>height</emphasis> field in the
widget.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id='Widget_Subpart_State_2'>
<title>Widget Subpart State</title>
<para>
To set the current values of subpart resources associated with a
widget instance, use
<xref linkend='XtSetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
For a discussion of subpart resources,
see <xref linkend='Subresources' />.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtSetSubvalues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtSetSubvalues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>ArgList <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address of the subpart data structure into which the
resources should be written.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the subpart resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list of name/value pairs that contain the
resources to be modified and their new values.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The
<xref linkend='XtSetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
function updates the resource fields of the structure identified by
<emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>.  Any specified arguments that do not match an entry in the
resource list are silently ignored.
</para>

<para>
To set the current values of subpart resources associated with
a widget instance using varargs lists, use
<xref linkend='XtVaSetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtVaSetSubvalues'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void <function>XtVaSetSubvalues</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>XtPointer <parameter>base</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>XtResourceList <parameter>resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal <parameter>num_resources</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>...</paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>base</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the base address of the subpart data structure into which the
resources should be written.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the subpart resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_resources</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the resource list.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      ...
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the variable argument list of name/value pairs that
contain the resources to be modified and their new values.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
<xref linkend='XtVaSetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
is identical in function to
<xref linkend='XtSetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
with the <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters replaced by a varargs list, as
described in Section 2.5.1.
<function>XtVaTypedArg</function>
is not supported for
<xref linkend='XtVaSetSubvalues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
If an entry containing
<function>XtVaTypedArg</function>
is specified in the list, a warning message is issued
and the entry is ignored.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id='Widget_Subpart_Resource_Data_The_set_values_hook_Procedure'>
<title>Widget Subpart Resource Data: The set_values_hook Procedure</title>
<note><para>
The set_values_hook procedure is obsolete, as the same information
is now available to the set_values procedure.  The procedure has been
retained for those widgets that used it in versions prior to Release 4.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Widgets that have a subpart can set the subpart resource values through
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
by supplying a set_values_hook procedure.
The set_values_hook procedure pointer in a widget class is of type
<xref linkend='XtArgsFunc' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
</para>

<funcsynopsis id='XtArgsFunc'>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>typedef Boolean <function>(*XtArgsFunc)</function></funcdef>
   <paramdef>Widget <parameter>w</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Arglist <parameter>args</parameter></paramdef>
   <paramdef>Cardinal *<parameter>num_args</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>w</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the widget whose subpart resource values are to be changed.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the argument list that was passed to
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
or the transformed varargs list passed to
<xref linkend='XtVaSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis>
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
Specifies the number of entries in the argument list.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>
The widget with subpart resources may call
<xref linkend='XtSetValues' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
from the set_values_hook procedure
and pass in its subresource list and the
<emphasis remap='I'>args</emphasis> and <emphasis remap='I'>num_args</emphasis> parameters.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
