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# Builtin Tokens

In the `pygments.token` module, there is a special object called Token that is used to create token types.

You can create a new token type by accessing an attribute of Token whose name starts with an uppercase letter:

    >>> from pygments.token import Token
    >>> Token.String
    Token.String
    >>> Token.String is Token.String
    True

Note that tokens are singletons so you can use the `is` operator for comparing token types.

You can also use the `in` operator to perform set tests:

    >>> from pygments.token import Comment
    >>> Comment.Single in Comment
    True
    >>> Comment in Comment.Multi
    False

This can be useful in filters and if you write lexers on your own without using the base lexers.

You can also split a token type into a hierarchy, and get the parent of it:

    >>> String.split()
    [Token, Token.Literal, Token.Literal.String]
    >>> String.parent
    Token.Literal

In principle, you can create an unlimited number of token types but nobody can guarantee that a style would define style rules for a token type. Because of that, Pygments proposes some global token types defined in the pygments.token.STANDARD_TYPES dict.

For some tokens aliases are already defined:

    >>> from pygments.token import String
    >>> String
    Token.Literal.String

Inside the `pygments.token` module the following aliases are defined:

Text | Token.Text | for any type of text data
Whitespace | Token.Text.Whitespace | for whitespace
Error | Token.Error | represents lexer errors
Other | Token.Other | special token for data not matched by a parser (e.g. HTML markup in PHP code)
Keyword | Token.Keyword | any kind of keywords
Name | Token.Name | variable/function names
Literal | Token.Literal | Any literals
String | Token.Literal.String | string literals
Number | Token.Literal.Number | number literals
Operator | Token.Operator | operators (`+`, `not`…)
Punctuation | Token.Punctuation | punctuation (`[`, `(`…)
Comment | Token.Comment | any kind of comments
Generic | Token.Generic | generic tokens (have a look at the explanation below)

Normally you just create token types using the already defined aliases. For each of those token aliases, a number of subtypes exists (excluding the special tokens Token.Text, Token.Error and Token.Other)

It’s also possible to convert strings to token types (for example if you want to supply a token from the command line):

    >>> from pygments.token import String, string_to_tokentype
    >>> string_to_tokentype("String")
    Token.Literal.String
    >>> string_to_tokentype("Token.Literal.String")
    Token.Literal.String
    >>> string_to_tokentype(String)
    Token.Literal.String

## Keyword Tokens

Keyword

  For any kind of keyword (especially if it doesn’t match any of the subtypes of course).

Keyword.Constant

  For keywords that are constants (e.g. `None` in future Python versions).

Keyword.Declaration

  For keywords used for variable declaration (e.g. `var` in some programming languages like JavaScript).

Keyword.Namespace

  For keywords used for namespace declarations (e.g. `import` in Python and Java and `package` in Java).

Keyword.Pseudo

  For keywords that aren’t really keywords (e.g. `None` in old Python versions).

Keyword.Reserved

  For reserved keywords.

Keyword.Type

  For builtin types that can’t be used as identifiers (e.g. `int`, `char` etc. in C).

## Name Tokens

Name

  For any name (variable names, function names, classes).

Name.Attribute

  For all attributes (e.g. in HTML tags).

Name.Builtin

  Builtin names; names that are available in the global namespace.

Name.Builtin.Pseudo

  Builtin names that are implicit (e.g. `self` in Ruby, `this` in Java).

Name.Class

  Class names. Because no lexer can know if a name is a class or a function or something else this token is meant for class declarations.

Name.Constant

  Token type for constants. In some languages you can recognise a token by the way it’s defined (the value after a `const` keyword for example). In other languages constants are uppercase by definition (Ruby).

Name.Decorator

  Token type for decorators. Decorators are syntactic elements in the Python language. Similar syntax elements exist in C# and Java.

Name.Entity

  Token type for special entities. (e.g. `&nbsp;` in HTML).

Name.Exception

  Token type for exception names (e.g. `RuntimeError` in Python). Some languages define exceptions in the function signature (Java). You can highlight the name of that exception using this token then.

Name.Function

  Token type for function names.

Name.Function.Magic

  same as Name.Function but for special function names that have an implicit use in a language (e.g. `__init__` method in Python).

Name.Label

  Token type for label names (e.g. in languages that support `goto`).

Name.Namespace

  Token type for namespaces. (e.g. import paths in Java/Python), names following the `module`/`namespace` keyword in other languages.

Name.Other

  Other names. Normally unused.

Name.Property

  Additional token type occasionally used for class attributes.

Name.Tag

  Tag names (in HTML/XML markup or configuration files).

Name.Variable

  Token type for variables. Some languages have prefixes for variable names (PHP, Ruby, Perl). You can highlight them using this token.

Name.Variable.Class

  same as Name.Variable but for class variables (also static variables).

Name.Variable.Global

  same as Name.Variable but for global variables (used in Ruby, for example).

Name.Variable.Instance

  same as Name.Variable but for instance variables.

Name.Variable.Magic

  same as Name.Variable but for special variable names that have an implicit use in a language (e.g. `__doc__` in Python).

## Literals

Literal

  For any literal (if not further defined).

Literal.Date

  for date literals (e.g. `42d` in Boo).

String

  For any string literal.

String.Affix

  Token type for affixes that further specify the type of the string they’re attached to (e.g. the prefixes `r` and `u8` in `r"foo"` and `u8"foo"`).

String.Backtick

  Token type for strings enclosed in backticks.

String.Char

  Token type for single characters (e.g. Java, C).

String.Delimiter

  Token type for delimiting identifiers in “heredoc”, raw and other similar strings (e.g. the word `END` in Perl code `print <<'END';`).

String.Doc

  Token type for documentation strings (for example Python).

String.Double

  Double quoted strings.

String.Escape

  Token type for escape sequences in strings.

String.Heredoc

  Token type for “heredoc” strings (e.g. in Ruby or Perl).

String.Interpol

  Token type for interpolated parts in strings (e.g. `#{foo}` in Ruby).

String.Other

  Token type for any other strings (for example `%q{foo}` string constructs in Ruby).

String.Regex

  Token type for regular expression literals (e.g. `/foo/` in JavaScript).

String.Single

  Token type for single quoted strings.

String.Symbol

  Token type for symbols (e.g. `:foo` in LISP or Ruby).

Number

  Token type for any number literal.

Number.Bin

  Token type for binary literals (e.g. `0b101010`).

Number.Float

  Token type for float literals (e.g. `42.0`).

Number.Hex

  Token type for hexadecimal number literals (e.g. `0xdeadbeef`).

Number.Integer

  Token type for integer literals (e.g. `42`).

Number.Integer.Long

  Token type for long integer literals (e.g. `42L` in Python).

Number.Oct

  Token type for octal literals.

## Operators

Operator

  For any punctuation operator (e.g. `+`, `-`).

Operator.Word

  For any operator that is a word (e.g. `not`).

## Punctuation

Added in version 0.7.

Punctuation

  For any punctuation which is not an operator (e.g. `[`, `(`…)

Punctuation.Marker

  For markers that point to a location (e.g., carets in Python tracebacks for syntax errors).

  Added in version 2.10.

## Comments

Comment

  Token type for any comment.

Comment.Hashbang
  Token type for hashbang comments (i.e. first lines of files that start with

    `#!`).

Comment.Multiline

  Token type for multiline comments.

Comment.Preproc

  Token type for preprocessor comments (also `<?php`/`<%` constructs).

Comment.PreprocFile

  Token type for filenames in preprocessor comments, such as include files in C/C++.

Comment.Single

  Token type for comments that end at the end of a line (e.g. `# foo`).

Comment.Special

  Special data in comments. For example code tags, author and license information, etc.

## Generic Tokens

Generic tokens are for special lexers like the DiffLexer that doesn’t really highlight a programming language but a patch file.

Generic

  A generic, unstyled token. Normally you don’t use this token type.

Generic.Deleted

  Marks the token value as deleted.

Generic.Emph

  Marks the token value as emphasized.

Generic.Error

  Marks the token value as an error message.

Generic.Heading

  Marks the token value as headline.

Generic.Inserted

  Marks the token value as inserted.

Generic.Output

  Marks the token value as program output (e.g. for python cli lexer).

Generic.Prompt

  Marks the token value as command prompt (e.g. bash lexer).

Generic.Strong

  Marks the token value as bold (e.g. for rst lexer).

Generic.EmphStrong

  Marks the token value as bold and emphasized.

Generic.Subheading

  Marks the token value as subheadline.

Generic.Traceback

  Marks the token value as a part of an error traceback.